Homogeneity and trend analysis of rainfall and droughts over Southeast Australia

Abstract This study investigates rainfall and drought characteristics in southeastern Australia (New South Wales Victoria) using data from 45 stations. Four homogeneity tests are adopted to determine inhomogeneities the annual total (ATR) monthly data, namely The Pettitt test, SNHT, Buishand range test Von Neumann ratio at significance levels of 1%, 5%, 10%. Temporal trends (ATR, monthly, seasonal) droughts examined autocorrelated Mann–Kendall (A-MK) trend 10% levels. We also assess meteorological by multiple indices (3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 24-, 36-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Effective Drought (EDI)). Furthermore, spatial variability temporal investigated through interpolation Sen’s slope estimator. results represent an increasing ATR between 1920 2019. However, southeast is highly dominated a significant negative medium term 1970 Winter found be significantly trend, whereas summer spring seasons positive trend. April detected as driest month according magnitude A-MK result. Positive on observed inner parts area, south, southeast, northeast area based SPIs EDI. findings this help understand changes Australia.